Photo by Dan Meyers on UnsplashGrowing up with my grandfather in a remote village in Southeast Nigeria, I learned much from him, including sustainable habits. Although not in a formal setting, his informal approach taught me not to trash plastics on the home farm because they would not decay and would affect the size of the cassava we would harvest.

I am sure the old man never had a crash course on biodegradable and non-biodegradable materials. However, he understood that trashing plastic materials on the home farm would lead to a poor harvest and might make the farm unfit for the next planting season. As a child, I would protest and ask why I should go through the extra stress of separating waste.

But now I know better! My old man used Indigenous knowledge to teach me proper waste management practices and ensure we had a plentiful harvest.

Indigenous Knowledge and Solutions: A Sustainable Practice

J. Mistry, in the International Encyclopedia of Human Geography, defined Indigenous Knowledge as the “knowledge which is spatially and/or culturally context-specific, collective, holistic, and adaptive.” Simply put, Indigenous Knowledge is a type of knowledge that is deeply connected to a specific place or culture. It is shared within a community. It involves how people adapt to changes over time. In climate conservation, the use of Indigenous knowledge involves the use of spiritual, cultural, and practical elements to promote a harmonious relationship between humans and nature.

Studies have shown a positive relationship between indigenous knowledge and sustainable practices, especially in agriculture. For centuries, different communities in Africa have used local knowledge to ensure food production. For example, the Konso people of Ethiopia employ stone terraces, cultural dams, and agroforestry to prevent soil erosion, conserve rainwater, and maintain agricultural productivity.

In Nigeria, the use of Indigenous knowledge is an age-old practice that has sustained many communities. Ola Francis, in his article, identified that the Yoruba people of Nigeria employ agroforestry practices that combine trees with crops and livestock in the same location. This method improves soil fertility, mitigates erosion, and preserves biodiversity. Furthermore, many tribes in Nigeria practice mulching, which is a technique used to protect yam setts and regulate mound temperature by covering the mound with grasses, leaves, and crop residues during the prolonged dry season.

Returning to my childhood experiences with my grandfather. My old man encouraged us to practice intercropping since we had limited farmland. In this practice, we plant different crops with varied maturity dates and nutrient requirements on the same mound, which helps reduce the cost of labor and also ensures we have a variety of crops to harvest at the end of the farming season.

Additionally, I remember vividly that in my primary school, we used compost manure as an alternative to synthetic fertilizers to enrich the school farm. It involves digging different big holes and filling them with mango leaves that litter the school environment. During the planting season, we will dig up this rotted organic matter made from decomposed mango leaves and other materials and use them as manure on the school farm. Studies have shown that compost is especially important in organic farming, improves soil structure, and provides a wide range of nutrients for plants.

How Can Web3 Aid Sustainable Food Production?

The Issue

Agriculture in Africa faces several pressing challenges that must be addressed to ensure food security for the rapidly growing African population forecasted to reach 2.5 billion by 2050. Top on the list of these challenges is climate change. The prevalence of droughts, floods, and unpredictable weather patterns due to climate change disrupts traditional agricultural practices, reduces crop yields, and poses a significant threat to food security. Most small-scale farmers in the local communities lack access to resources, technology, and financial services needed to withstand the effects of climate change.

Web3 Technology As A Solution

Web3 technology built on blockchain technology has shown immense promise in addressing food security challenges. This technology, through its range of tools and features such as Smart Contracts, Decentralized Autonomous Organizations (DAOs), Regenerative Finance (ReFi), RWA tokenization, crowdfunding, etc, can help solve most of these challenges.

Tools like smart contracts are self-executing agreements on a blockchain. These contracts can streamline interactions with buyers, suppliers, insurers, and lenders. For instance, a smart contract could automatically release payment upon product delivery and verification or initiate an insurance claim in the event of crop failure. Additionally, Web3 can provide farmers with access to peer-to-peer payments and financing options, such as cryptocurrencies and decentralized lending platforms, which can lower fees and reduce barriers to entry.

Several Web3 projects and initiatives are already making a significant impact on food security and the agricultural sector.

AgUnity for instance, is actively working to equip smallholder farmers with digital tools to foster economic inclusion. They provide digital identity, market access, and tools to share valuable data with farmers.EthicHub is a blockchain-based crowdlending platform where small investors can finance agricultural projects and earn interest on their loans. This initiative connects small farmers with the financial resources needed to cultivate their land.Etherisc is a decentralized insurance protocol that is designed to buffer the impacts of climate change, such as drought or flood on local farmers. It provides crop insurance and automatic payouts to farmers impacted by these events.Úbì Africa is reported to be building a B2B digital distribution platform for farmers and emerging food producers in Africa.

Conclusion/Way Forward

According to UNESCO, climate change impacts are already shaping the lives, livelihoods, and human rights of over 370 million Indigenous Peoples worldwide. From the stories above, we have seen evidence of how Indigenous knowledge has been sustaining Indigenous Peoples for years. However, due to the complexities and the global posture of climate change, Indigenous Knowledge alone can not always be effective. Hence the application of Web3 technology.

However, while Web3 projects and innovations have great potential to tackle climate change and ensure food production, they can be too technical to implement by the average farmer in the village. Hence, founders and developers must endeavor to incorporate traditional knowledge in their products and solutions and also make these solutions easy to use. This way, local farmers can easily key in and maximize the potential of these innovations.

References

Combating Food Insecurity With Indigenous Knowledge and Web3 was originally published in Coinmonks on Medium, where people are continuing the conversation by highlighting and responding to this story.

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